ꦫꦣꦺꦤ꧀ꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦱꦺꦤ

PATH: usr / share / perl5 / pod

=head1 NAME

perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 195 features may
already be overwhelming.

=head2 The sheet

CONTEXTS  SIGILS  ref        ARRAYS        HASHES
  void      $scalar SCALAR     @array        %hash
  scalar    @array  ARRAY      @array[0, 2]  @hash{'a', 'b'}
  list      %hash   HASH       $array[0]     $hash{'a'}
            &sub    CODE
            *glob   GLOB       SCALAR VALUES
                    FORMAT     number, string, ref, glob, undef
  REFERENCES
  \      reference       $$foo[1]       aka $foo->[1]
  $@%&*  dereference     $$foo{bar}     aka $foo->{bar}
  []     anon. arrayref  ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1]->[2]
  {}     anon. hashref   ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1][2]
  \()    list of refs
                         NUMBERS vs STRINGS    LINKS
  OPERATOR PRECEDENCE    =          =          perldoc.perl.org
  ->                     +          .           search.cpan.org
  ++ --                  == !=      eq ne              cpan.org
  **                     < > <= >=  lt gt le ge          pm.org
  ! ~ \ u+ u-            <=>        cmp                p3rl.org
  =~ !~                                           perlmonks.org
  * / % x                SYNTAX
  + - .                  foreach (LIST) { }     for (a;b;c) { }
  << >>                  while   (e) { }        until (e)   { }
  named uops             if      (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
  < > <= >= lt gt le ge  unless  (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
  == != <=> eq ne cmp ~~ given   (e) { when (e) {} default {} }
  &
  | ^             REGEX METACHARS          REGEX MODIFIERS
  &&              ^      string begin      /i case insensitive
  || //           $      str end (bfr \n)  /m line based ^$
  .. ...          +      one or more       /s . includes \n
  ?:              *      zero or more      /x ignore wh.space
  = += -= *= etc  ?      zero or one       /p preserve
  , =>            {3,7}  repeat in range   /a ASCII    /aa safe
  list ops        |      alternation       /l locale   /d  dual
  not             []     character class   /u Unicode
  and             \b     word boundary     /e evaluate /ee rpts
  or xor          \z     string end        /g global
                  ()     capture           /o compile pat once
  DEBUG           (?:p)  no capture
   -MO=Deparse    (?#t)  comment           REGEX CHARCLASSES
   -MO=Terse      (?=p)  ZW pos ahead      .   [^\n]
   -D##           (?!p)  ZW neg ahead      \s  whitespace
   -d:Trace       (?<=p) ZW pos behind \K  \w  word chars
                  (?<!p) ZW neg behind     \d  digits
  CONFIGURATION   (?>p)  no backtrack      \pP named property
  perl -V:ivsize  (?|p|p)branch reset      \h  horiz.wh.space
                  (?&NM) cap to name       \R  linebreak
                                           \S \W \D \H negate
  FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
  stat      localtime    caller         SPECIAL VARIABLES
   0 dev    0 second      0 package     $_    default variable
   1 ino    1 minute      1 filename    $0    program name
   2 mode   2 hour        2 line        $/    input separator
   3 nlink  3 day         3 subroutine  $\    output separator
   4 uid    4 month-1     4 hasargs     $|    autoflush
   5 gid    5 year-1900   5 wantarray   $!    sys/libcall error
   6 rdev   6 weekday     6 evaltext    $@    eval error
   7 size   7 yearday     7 is_require  $$    process ID
   8 atime  8 is_dst      8 hints       $.    line number
   9 mtime                9 bitmask     @ARGV command line args
  10 ctime               10 hinthash    @INC  include paths
  11 blksz               3..10 only     @_    subroutine args
  12 blcks               with EXPR      %ENV  environment

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.

A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl.

=head1 AUTHOR

Juerd Waalboer <#####@juerd.nl>, with the help of many Perl Monks.

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item *

L<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602> - the original PM post

=item *

L<http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031> - Damian Conway's Perl 6 version

=item *

L<http://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat> - home of the Perl Cheat Sheet

=back

[-] perlport.pod [edit]
[-] perlplan9.pod [edit]
[-] perluts.pod [edit]
[-] perlfork.pod [edit]
[-] perl585delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlopentut.pod [edit]
[-] perl582delta.pod [edit]
[-] perldebguts.pod [edit]
[-] perlrebackslash.pod [edit]
[-] perlos390.pod [edit]
[-] perlxs.pod [edit]
[-] perlpolicy.pod [edit]
[-] perlbs2000.pod [edit]
[-] perlunifaq.pod [edit]
[-] perl586delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlxstypemap.pod [edit]
[-] perltoot.pod [edit]
[-] perl5160delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlcommunity.pod [edit]
[-] perlsymbian.pod [edit]
[-] perlpodspec.pod [edit]
[-] perlguts.pod [edit]
[-] perl5143delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlmodlib.pod [edit]
[-] perlre.pod [edit]
[-] perl5122delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlglossary.pod [edit]
[-] perlhist.pod [edit]
[-] perlinterp.pod [edit]
[-] perlcall.pod [edit]
[-] perlebcdic.pod [edit]
[-] perl5123delta.pod [edit]
[-] a2p.pod [edit]
[-] perlclib.pod [edit]
[-] perldtrace.pod [edit]
[+] ..
[-] perl58delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlsource.pod [edit]
[-] perl5004delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlopenbsd.pod [edit]
[-] perlko.pod [edit]
[-] perlqnx.pod [edit]
[-] perl587delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlmpeix.pod [edit]
[-] perlperf.pod [edit]
[-] perlvms.pod [edit]
[-] perltooc.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq7.pod [edit]
[-] perlgpl.pod [edit]
[-] perldelta.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq5.pod [edit]
[-] perlrecharclass.pod [edit]
[-] perlmod.pod [edit]
[-] perl5163delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlbook.pod [edit]
[-] perl.pod [edit]
[-] perllinux.pod [edit]
[-] perldgux.pod [edit]
[-] perlaix.pod [edit]
[-] perlexperiment.pod [edit]
[-] perlvmesa.pod [edit]
[-] perlfreebsd.pod [edit]
[-] perlmodstyle.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq2.pod [edit]
[-] perlutil.pod [edit]
[-] perl5161delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlreguts.pod [edit]
[-] perlos400.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq8.pod [edit]
[-] perldbmfilter.pod [edit]
[-] perlsub.pod [edit]
[-] perlbeos.pod [edit]
[-] perlhacktips.pod [edit]
[-] perlapio.pod [edit]
[-] perlos2.pod [edit]
[-] perlop.pod [edit]
[-] perlhacktut.pod [edit]
[-] perlce.pod [edit]
[-] perltw.pod [edit]
[-] perlintern.pod [edit]
[-] perlepoc.pod [edit]
[-] perlpacktut.pod [edit]
[-] perl56delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq3.pod [edit]
[-] perlmacos.pod [edit]
[-] perlembed.pod [edit]
[-] perl5120delta.pod [edit]
[-] perl5140delta.pod [edit]
[-] perliol.pod [edit]
[-] perlhack.pod [edit]
[-] perl589delta.pod [edit]
[-] perluniintro.pod [edit]
[-] perltodo.pod [edit]
[-] perlcygwin.pod [edit]
[-] perlrequick.pod [edit]
[-] perlrun.pod [edit]
[-] perl5005delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlref.pod [edit]
[-] perldata.pod [edit]
[-] perlnewmod.pod [edit]
[-] perllocale.pod [edit]
[-] perlsolaris.pod [edit]
[-] perlpragma.pod [edit]
[-] perlboot.pod [edit]
[-] perlirix.pod [edit]
[-] perlvar.pod [edit]
[-] perl581delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlapi.pod [edit]
[-] perl5121delta.pod [edit]
[-] perltoc.pod [edit]
[-] perldebtut.pod [edit]
[-] perlform.pod [edit]
[-] perlreftut.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq1.pod [edit]
[-] perlstyle.pod [edit]
[-] perlpod.pod [edit]
[-] perl561delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlnetware.pod [edit]
[-] perluniprops.pod [edit]
[-] perlretut.pod [edit]
[-] perlunitut.pod [edit]
[-] perlnumber.pod [edit]
[-] perlhurd.pod [edit]
[-] perldiag.pod [edit]
[-] perllol.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq4.pod [edit]
[-] perl588delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlmacosx.pod [edit]
[-] perlobj.pod [edit]
[-] perlartistic.pod [edit]
[-] perlreref.pod [edit]
[-] perlcn.pod [edit]
[-] perlunicode.pod [edit]
[-] perlootut.pod [edit]
[-] perlreapi.pod [edit]
[-] perlvos.pod [edit]
[-] perlgit.pod [edit]
[-] perldebug.pod [edit]
[-] perljp.pod [edit]
[-] perlmodinstall.pod [edit]
[-] perl5162delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlfunc.pod [edit]
[-] perltru64.pod [edit]
[-] perlsec.pod [edit]
[-] perlxstut.pod [edit]
[-] perlhaiku.pod [edit]
[-] perltrap.pod [edit]
[-] perltie.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq6.pod [edit]
[-] perl5141delta.pod [edit]
[-] perl5124delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlwin32.pod [edit]
[-] perldos.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq9.pod [edit]
[-] perlcheat.pod [edit]
[-] perllexwarn.pod [edit]
[-] perlipc.pod [edit]
[-] perl584delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlhpux.pod [edit]
[-] perlfaq.pod [edit]
[-] perlintro.pod [edit]
[-] perl5142delta.pod [edit]
[-] perl583delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlriscos.pod [edit]
[-] perldsc.pod [edit]
[-] perl5100delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlbot.pod [edit]
[-] perlamiga.pod [edit]
[-] perlmroapi.pod [edit]
[-] perl5101delta.pod [edit]
[-] perlthrtut.pod [edit]
[-] perlsyn.pod [edit]